Conservation Of The Environment Sea Deoxygenation,...

The world has faced lots problems, many of which are still present today. The most important global issue is the lack of the preservation of the environment. The lack of preservation of the environment has led to ocean deoxygenation, pollution, and the loss of biodiversity. Ocean deoxygenation is causing many issues in marine life as well as death. The increase in pollution is placing many health risks to both land and marine life. The loss of biodiversity causes all living beings to be more vulnerable since biodiversity has many benefits. Firstly, the lack of preservation of the environment is causing the oxygen levels of oceans to decrease. Oxygen gets in the water by two main ways: photosynthesis, and water and air mixing. This means†¦show more content†¦Another point is that phytoplankton, which are very small plants and are the base of the oceanic food chain, have been decreasing by approximately 1% every year over the past century (Parry). This is because of global warming causing an increase in sea temperatures and not allowing oxygen rich water to mix with the cold nutrient filled water (Parry). Phytoplankton support not only marine life, but also land life. They produce about half of the world’s oxygen output and without phytoplankton, the rapid decrease of oxygen will not only negatively affect ocean life but also land life, including humans (Morello). If oxygen levels in the oceans continue to decrease it will not only affect marine life negatively but it will also affect humans and life on land. Secondly, the lack of preservation of the environment is leading to different kinds of pollution. One type of pollution that is happening is air pollution. Air pollution is pollution to the atmosphere caused by factories and industries, humans using transportation that burn fossil fuels, and other factors that can change the atmosphere’s chemical composition (Air). Air pollution can seriously harm many people and can cause them to have problems that range from irritated eyes and nose to cancer (Gray). Another kind of pollution that humans are causing is water pollution. Humans pollute the water

The Animated M A Life Of Walt Disney - 1451 Words

One of America’s most famous entrepreneur of all time went by the name of Walt Disney. This man was able to change so many people’s outlook on animation and films. He is known for creating the famous cartoon character Mickey Mouse. Several have watched Walt Disney films soar beyond the horizon, but what they do not know is the hardships and struggles Disney had to surpass to reach success. The book â€Å"The Animated Man: A Life of Walt Disney† portrays the long road that Walt traveled. Most books tend to only highlight the success of a person’s life, but this book focuses on the hardships. Walt Disney, also known as Walter Elias Disney, was born on December 5, 1901 in Chicago, Illinois. It wasn’t until ten years later when his family†¦show more content†¦Walt wrote to Mrs. Winkler several times about the upcoming film and how he could screen several of the cartoons from Alice’s Wonderland (a film that consisted of both animation and live acting) at W.R. Kelley of Pictorial Clubs’ office in New York. At the time, what he didn’t know was that this corporation had gone out of business and instead the cartoons were sent to an unreliable corporation that was also called Pictorial Clubs. Unfortunately, Walt Disney was unable to receive the money he had been offered by Winkler and was forced to file bankruptcy. Walt Disney was very tempted to close his doors and to return back to his former job. This still did not defeat Walt Disney’s ambitions to have his own animation studio. He quickly moved to Hollywood, California and bega n drawing cartoons in his Uncle Robert’s garage. Sooner than later, Roy (his brother) decided to go into business with Walt and left the hospital where he had been staying. On October 8th, 1923, Walt Disney began renting a space for their business and declared that it would be named Disney Brothers Studio. On October 15th, Walt Disney signed yet another contract with Margaret Winkler in the hopes of distributing several Alice films the right way this time. Walt Disney and his staff slowly began to build their staff at a steady pace and moved to bigger headquarters

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Tom Sawyer - 1438 Words

In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the theme of individual identity, especially contrasted against mob mentality and assimilation, is present in almost every chapter of the novel. Throughout the novel, the characters within the story, especially Huck as the protagonist, make decisions regarding which type of mentality they will use, which then affects their relations with other characters, such as Tom Sawyer. In the book, Twain uses both Huck s idealization of Tom and Tom, the physical being, as secondary characters to help the reader understand how Huck falls into both of these mentalities and how his identity as individual changes throughout the novel. This insight allows the reader to better understand Huck s character by showing Huck s response to the pressure to assimilate to mob mentality, mainly through his relationship with Tom, and development in his ability to think for himself by contrasting his behavior in Tom s presence and absence along with the reasons this develop ment occurs. Tom Sawyer, as a physical boy in the story, plays the role of mob leader in Huck s life. When the two boys are together, Tom pressures Huck to follow him, and therefore assimilate to mob mentality, by repeatedly dismissing Huck s ideas. For example, when Huck questions Tom s story of the genies, Tom says Shucks, it ain t no use to talk to you, Huck Finn. You don t seem to know anything, somehow (Twain, 19). Here, Tom casts aside Huck s questions by essentially callingShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures Of Tom Sawyer And The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Essay2196 Words   |  9 Pagescompletely ban the book from libraries and classrooms? This controversy is relevant towards Mark Twain, a world-famous author well-known for his novels titled The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Huck Finn). As stated by an English professor at Texas State University, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn can be recognized as â€Å"the most famous, most beloved, and most controversial novel featuring a prominent black character and written by a white author† (Tally Jr. 97)Read More Comparison of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain665 Words   |  3 PagesComparison of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn were both characters created by Mark Twain. Tom Sawyer is the main character in the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn is the main character in the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer were alike in many ways but they were also very different. One way in which Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer are alike is that they are bothRead MorePlot Summary Of Tom Sawyer And The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn953 Words   |  4 Pages Plot Summary: (Include elements of plot, most importantly the climax). Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn take place in St. Petersburg, Missouri- and most of it occurs at different destinations along the Mississippi River. In the book preceding Huckleberry Finn, Huck and his friend Tom Sawyer found a stash of money left by a thief. Huck took in the money and was adopted by Widow Douglas and her sister Miss Watson. Huck is growing tired of his clean and comfortable life with theseRead MoreMark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer1654 Words   |  7 Pagesreleased 100 years after his expiration. Out of the numerous writers in America, Mark Twain is the enigmatic stand-out. ​Mark Twain- also known as Samuel Clemens- was an author known best for his fictional novels: â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† and â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.† His field of profession, being an author, was precarious at best. Writing, especially fictional stories, was and is a talent, not a taught skill. An imaginative, creative, and original mind with the ability to properlyRead MoreMark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer1226 Words   |  5 PagesMark Twain, American humorist and novelist, captured a world audience with stories of boyhood adventure and with commentary on man s shortcomings that is humorous even while it probes, often bitterly, the roots of human behavior. His writing, Shelley Fisher Fishkin who is one of the leading scholars on the work of Mark Twain in American culture and literature observes, involves an entreaty to rethink, reevaluate and reformulate the terms in which one defines bot h personal and national identityRead MoreMark Twain : Seeing America s Flaws1593 Words   |  7 PagesTwain: Seeing America’s Flaws â€Å"You don’t know about me, without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer , but that ain’t no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain and he told the truth, mainly. There was things he stretched, but mainly he told the truth† (qtd. in Jones 237). That was the very first line in Mark Twain’s controversial book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Samuel L. Clemens, as a young boy, grew up on the Mississippi and learned the ways of southern societyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer: A novel written by Samuel Langhorne Clemens also more commonly known as Mark Twain. Samuel was born in 1835 in what he called â€Å"the almost invisible village† in Florida, Missouri. In his younger years he and his family moved to Hannibal Missouri on the Mississippi River. He later used this town as his fictional town of St. Petersburg in â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer†. While Samuel Clemens was savoring all of his fame he and his family were living in Hartford, ConnecticutRead MoreThe Ad ventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1510 Words   |  7 PagesHuckleberry Finn, a Dark Tale The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is one of the more serious and immersive books I’ve personally had the pleasure of reading. Its â€Å"prequel† The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is so much lighter. Throughout The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn there is a tone of sadness. His life is so vastly different from his friend, Tom’s. Huck’s life is full of adventure and so is Tom’s, but Huck’s life is more dark and depressing. Huck experiences things at a young age noRead MoreAnalysis Of The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1679 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of an Important Character Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a story about growing up, facing the world, and fighting for what’s right. Huckleberry Finn matures greatly throughout the book, and Tom Sawyer plays an important role in showing this change. His character allows the reader to see Huck’s increase in maturity throughout the story. Tom is the constant, his immaturity not changing from the beginning to the end of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, while Huck is the changing variable

Time Essay - 976 Words

Time Time is defined as a measured or measurable period, a continuum that lacks spatial dimensions. This broad definition lacks the simple explanation that humans are searching for. There are many scientists, philosophers, and thinkers who have tried to put time into understanding terms. The aspects of time that we can understand are only based on what we can perceive, observe, and calculate. Every day we look at our watches or clocks. We plan our day around different times of the day. Time tells us when to eat, when to sleep, and how long to do things for. If time were based on these simple terms, then this mysterious enigma would not be in debate. There are the issues of space and time; what is the relationship†¦show more content†¦When space and the universe began, the existence of time also began. This theory is well-known as the Big Bang Theory. About fifteen billion years ago, the universe was comprised of very hot compressed gas, as a fireball. This is contrary to the idea of the universe beginning as a lump of matter somewhere in the void of space. Matter was created as a result of the Big Bang. Space and time was also created. So, with these ideas, time had a beginning. Looking at it a different way, in the early universe, the normal concept of time is uncertain. Our accepted perceptions, and calculations of time can’t be explained all the way back to the Big Bang. There is no way to define time in that era. This is another way that time has a beginning; as far back as we can calculate. Space-time began at the same time. According to Hawking, you can’t look at the universe using general relativity without finding a big bang or something similar to that at the very beginning. So what does time mean to people now? Time is different as you go through time zones. Everyone has their own perception of time. Nobody is ever on the same schedule, doing things exactly like another person. Even to go as far as other galaxies and planets, time cannot be existing on the same terms. In short, time is not absolute. In the space-time continuum, space bends whenever there is a mass. It’s kind of like a bowling ball hitting aShow MoreRelatedThe Time Of Time Traveling1706 Words   |  7 Pagesremains the same for all which is  time. You can look time as it’s a train that won t stop moving no matter what and all  on the same train whether we like it or not. So imagine this what if we could get off the train to board a slower one whereas the time moves slower. Since the time goes slower you age slower but when you  re  aboard the first train you’d be in the future relativity when you got off the first time; that’s the concept of time traveling. The idea of time traveling is popular among scienceRead MoreTime Is Precious1115 Words   |  5 PagesYes†¦the subject is Time. Time is the most precious thing for a man as it comes only once in someones life and never stays long. Our life is like a bubble, a short morning dream. Therefore, we should take good care and make the best use of it. In other words, we must understand the value of time. Time management is basically planning and dividing ones time in a constructive way. We all have a number of activities that have to be taken care of in a particular period of time. So we should be ableRead MoreThe Time Of The End1043 Words   |  5 Pagesthe end time, or the end of this present age as we know it, you must first understand that in the Bible the â€Å"time of the end† spans from the book of Genesis to the book of Revelation. Since it is often difficult for most people to find the time to study the Bible from cover to cover, it will be my job to highlight one of the most important threshold moments of the end time era for your understanding, and let that serve as a quick reference to knowledge that you so desperately need. Time is of theRead MoreThe Illusion Of Time?872 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 2015 The Illusion of Time No scientific experiment has ever been done or could be done to prove that time exists. One would say that time is real since it is everywhere, but is what is experienced as time really time? Physics, neurology, and psychology would say no. Many physicists believe time does not exist. Einstein proved through the theory of relativity that time is not an absolute quantity(Jones). Things do not change because of time; time passes on. Change occurs internallyRead MoreSaving Time1256 Words   |  6 Pages Saving Time Time management determines by the difference between successful and unsuccessful people. Successful people are able to balance the goals they wish to achieve and duties. And this success comes from their ability to their time optimally in light of their objectives. There are two types in our lives: Type I: A difficult time organizing, or managing how much time we spend in our basic needs such as eating, comfort, family relations and social mission. It is a time cannot useRead MoreThe Definition Of Time967 Words   |  4 Pagesgarden. But 3,600 represents the number of seconds in an hour, a time frame in which people can take as a short or long amount of time. Isn’t it fascinating how a number as large as 3,600 can be synonymous with a number as small as one? One hour; thirty six thousand seconds. That’s the time most people use to catch up on the latest episode of their favorite TV show. That’s the time some people use to commute to work everyday. Thats the time it takes to bake a cake. These simple tasks don’t all feel likeRead MoreTime and the Machine1287 Words   |  6 PagesAldous Huxley’s â€Å"Time and the Machine† the author is unenthusiastic with the use of the present generation’s use of time management as opposed to previous generations. In the past, people were more involved with nature, they enjoyed taking walks and kids ran and played outside more. Nowadays more children would prefer to remain in doors and play video games or surf the internet instead of a game of â€Å"jump rope.† Nature is relevant in this work due to the author’s frustration with time being spent elsewhereRead MoreThe Transition Times. Graduation Is One Example Of A Time1240 Words   |  5 PagesT he Transition Times Graduation is one example of a time of celebration and honor. It is the reward you receive for multiple years of difficult work and perseverance. It is also an extremely bittersweet occasion because often times you are required to make difficult decisions. Decisions that could take you away from everyone and everything you have ever known. This is known as a time of transition. Honestly, it seems a bit anticlimactic that after all the emotions and preparation you do beforehandRead MoreNo Time At Think And Time Ain t Money847 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"No Time to Think† and â€Å"Time Ain’t Money†, the authors paraphrase how new technology has affected businesses and its workers. In â€Å"No Time to Think†, Levy talks about how workers need more leisure time. In â€Å"Time Ain’t Money†, Rushkoff talks about how business are having to adjust due to new technology. Both of these authors talk about how Americans are living in a much faster s ociety. In â€Å"Time Ain’t Money†, Rushkoff explains how new technology is affecting businesses which helps perceive why LevyRead MoreTime Travel2722 Words   |  11 PagesFor many years time travel was the stuff of science fiction. This was all just part of the worlds imagination until recently. Scientists now believe that the current laws of physics allow us to travel though time. They believe that we can now travel back to see our founding fathers sign the declaration of independence. We could travel to 2999 to witness the birth of the next new millennium. Such travel would require a machine capable of withstanding great pressures and incredible amounts of speed

The Bald Prima Donna Essay Example For Students

The Bald Prima Donna Essay We have been looking at a rather strange and confusing play called The Bald Prima Donna. We have done a lot of work based on this piece of text. One of the improvisations we performed was based on a part in the play where they are gossiping about Bobby. Clare, Natalie and I performed this piece while we were in an office gossiping and giggling about other workers. We made it quite stereotypical as we stopped working as soon as the boss left and started filing our nails and we put our feet on the desk. We spoke in a really common accent and giggled really loudly to emphasise the gossiping. We were trying to impress each other by having the best news about somebody else. Another improvisation we did was where we were married and did a repeated routine everyday and had ritualised conversations with one another. Ian and I were a married couple in our 90s who said the same jokes everyday and carried out the same tasks day in and day out. We used good body language by walking slowly and with our backs bent, also our voices were croaky. My partner and I decided to make our performance funny so we did a little dance, the fact that we were so old made it very humorous. This piece was purposeful as it related to the part where Mr and Mrs Martin play a little game where they forget who each other are. They most probably do this quite a lot and confuse others. One part in the play was when Mr and Mrs Martin and Mr and Mrs Smith were together but had nothing to say to each so there were a lot of awkward silences and they also came up with some very silly stories. One of our performances was related to this where two couples had a lot of awkward silences. I showed that I was quite bored and trying to pass time by tapping and looking around a lot. We came up with some silly stories to discuss like somebody putting on a hat. We all acted enthusiastically about this story and repeated words like great. The hardest improvisation was one where none of us communicated with each other. I was in a group of three. Clare was the mother, Natalie was the teenage daughter and I was the father. There were many secrets that were kept from each of the family members and were revealed during this five-minute piece. We tried to make this piece quite dramatic as we shouted quite a lot and acted upset. One of the secrets was the husband and wife splitting up we showed this by having big arguments when the daughter wasnt there. Whenever Natalie was around Clare and I acted very nice to each other, we showed this by holding hands and talking in a very soft tone. Natalies secret was that she was pregnant, the audience discovers this while she is on the phone a friend. The mother does not want Natalie to tell us so she keeps interrupting so Natalie has to shout out that she is pregnant. This really shows that nobody communicates as we are still not listening to her. As I was the father during this performance I had to sit and walk like a man and speak in a deep voice. We made this performance quite strange as we sat down and continued to have our dinner just as we started even though all these secrets had been revealed. This piece related a part in the play where the couples are having a conversation but they are all talking about different things so they do not communicate. .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac , .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac .postImageUrl , .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac , .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac:hover , .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac:visited , .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac:active { border:0!important; } .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac:active , .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u22105803d17ab87076d9b811d36631ac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Free Media Violences: Media Violence is No P EssayThe final piece that we did was where we were in a normal behaviour in a conventional situation, then breaking the rules. In my group the adults turned into children and vice versa. I was an adult I showed this by walking straight and talking in a slightly deeper voice. We talk to each other about the news and drank cups of tea like adults. There was then an argument and the adults went off stage, when we return we are acting very childishly by fighting over toys and running around a lot. I show that I am a child by talking in a higher voice and acting clumsy. The children gradually become more grown up and start smoking an d checking the stock market. The Grandmother then takes away the children and we a tantrum. This piece relates to the all of The Bald Prima Donna because nothing in this play is what it seems and is all very strange.

Girl, interrupted compared with one flew over the cuckoos nest free essay sample

The social and cultural standards of sanity have substantially transformed in the course of the twentieth century. To a great extent, this change can be explained by significant shifts in the public opinion. It should be kept in mind that dominant stereotypes about normality and abnormality often contributed to the marginalization of many people who could easily be labeled as sociopaths or mentally deranged. This paper is aimed at discussing such books as the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey and Susanna Kaysen’s memoir Girl, Interrupted. They are useful because they illustrate the experiences of people who have to stay in a mental hospital. The main characters do not believe that they need the assistance of psychiatrists. In their opinion, they are not mentally impaired. The protagonists do not understand why they have to be controlled or confined in any way. However, these people are forced to believe that they are abnormal. This is one of the details that can be identified. These literary works show that a person, who does not fully conform to existing norms of behavior, can eventually be labeled as insane by medical professionals. This is the main thesis that should be elaborated in this essay. Moreover, it is important to speak about such character traits as honesty, self-doubt, and disregard for authority because by displaying these qualities, an individual eventually becomes alienated from the society. Furthermore, they may be regarded as mentally unstable or deranged. Therefore, the main subtopics should be related to these three qualities that are not tolerated by the majority, and are the main issues that should be discussed more closely. At first, one should mention that the honest expression of one’s feelings, thoughts, or emotions can be confused with abnormality by medical professionals. To a great extent, this theme is explored by Susanna Kaysen. It is possible to identify three important aspects that are related honesty. First, Kaysen shows that openness can be viewed as a symptom of some mental disorder. Secondly, this writer demonstrates that medical workers are suspicious of people who admit their irrational or self-destructive behavior. Finally, this literary work shows how open disagreement with established rules leads to the marginalization of a person. These points can be illustrated with the help of various textual examples. For instance, at the beginning, the protagonist admits that she needs rest and the psychiatrist immediately concludes that she should be hospitalized (Kaysen 8). Susan points out that the doctor â€Å"looked triumphant† when he managed to make her stay in the hospital (Kaysen 8). Apart from that, the protagonist does not deny the fact that she tried to commit suicide, but this honesty is regarded as a sign of mental impairment (Kaysen 17). Additionally, sociologists often argue that mental hospitals can be viewed as coercive organizations that do accept openness (Andersen 7). This is one of the details that should be singled out. By examining this situation, the author wants to show how a person can be marginalized provided that one does not try to conceal their feelings. In his book, Ken Kesey focuses on this theme in his novel. For example, McMurphy openly expresses his sexuality, but this behavior is interpreted as a symptom of deviation. The author also shows that by admitting one’s weaknesses, an individual can eventually can turn into an outcast within a small group. Moreover, such institutions do not tolerate the display of leadership skills. These are the main details that the writer explores. One can examine several situations in order to prove these arguments. McMurphy says that he first had set at a very early age and that since that time he has always been â€Å"a dedicated lover† (Kesey 7). Moreover, the protagonist admits that he enjoys gambling (Kesey 66). In his opinion, there is no reason why he has to conceal this behavior from other people. This is one of his distinguishing qualities because the other inmates are reluctant to speak about their sexuality. Similarly, McMurphy is regarded as a leader by other inmates only because he is not willing to confine the expression of his thoughts and feelings. In turn, Nurse Ratched cannot accept this openness because it prevents her from subduing patients. She adopts this strategy because honesty makes this person more resilient to her manipulation. Overall, Ken Kesey focuses on this issue in order to show that an individual can be easily labeled as insane if he or she does not try to conceal their inner world. Furthermore, Ken Kesey wants to demonstrate that in mental hospitals people were forced into submission. Therefore, one can say that openness is an important theme for each of these authors. These writers are able to show how the abnormality of an individual can be artificially constructed. Yet, this process can be attributed mostly to the dominant stereotypes and cultural norms. In this case, honesty and openness cannot be condemned from ethical or rational viewpoints. This detail should be considered by the readers of these books. Additionally, it is critical to demonstrate that self-doubt, which is essential for critical thinking, can be perceived as a sign of a mental illness. In some cases, this perception can lead to false diagnosis. This theme is examined by Susanna Kaysen. This writer wants to show that a person may sometimes cast doubt on the validity of his/her judgment or worldviews; however, this uncertainty is often confused with mental instability. Secondly, the protagonist cannot fully explain the motives for her actions, but psychiatrists immediately perceive this uncertainty as a symptom of mental instability. Thirdly, this author shows that a person can be placed in an environment where they can be compelled to doubt their mental health. One can refer to various examples in order to illustrate these three points. It should be kept in mind that that Susanna’s mental health is questioned only because of her â€Å"uncertainty about long-term goals† (Kaysen 152). It does not even occur to medical professionals that this uncertainly can be quite normal for an adolescent. Susanna cannot fully explain why she intended to commit suicide. Apart from that, this girl is not longer sure if she can fully retain her sanity; in particular, she says, â€Å"Once Id accepted that, it followed that I might be mad, or that someone might think me mad. How could I say for certain that I wasn’t† (Kaysen 42). This quote is critical for describing the experiences of this main character who does not fully understand the reasons her problems can be addressed only with the help of hospitalization. Overall, Susanna Kaysen focuses on these issues in order to demonstrate that self-doubt can eventually result in the marginalization of a person, which is one of the main issues that can be distinguished. The importance of self-doubt is also explored by Ken Kesey. This author shows that many inmates could have doubts regarding their mental health, but this behavior enables Nurse Ratched to make them stay at the hospital. Secondly, Ken Kesey points out that people often tend to re-evaluate their stereotypes and  worldviews; yet, this change is not always tolerated in mental institutions. So, it is possible to say that self-doubt can be the reason why the sanity of a person can be questioned. The daily meetings organized by Nurse Ratched help to illustrate these points. During these sessions, the patients were prompted to cast doubt on the sanity of one another (Kesey 12). However, this self-doubt is used as a pretext for the hospitalization of a person. Additionally, self-doubt is a quality that McMurphy displays, for example, this person re-evaluates his views on the mental health of people. This is why he says, â€Å"Hell, I been surprised how you guys all are† (Kesey 58). Therefore, the protagonist can cast doubt on his worldviews. However, this critical thinking and self-doubt are not always tolerated by mental professionals (Watson 200). Overall, Ken Kesey strives to demonstrate in the sixties, many psychiatrists were more willing to work with patients who are not able or willing to question their beliefs. This is one of the issues that should be identified. They are important for explaining the main ideas that the writer strives to express. Finally, it is critical to speak about such a topic as the disregard for authority. It is one of the behavioral traits that can be viewed as the piece of evidence which allegedly indicates at a person’s insanity. This is one of the arguments that should be illustrated in greater detail. In her memoir, Susanna Kaysen depicts a person, who is not willing to accept the authority of others without any question. This writer focuses on the experiences of individuals who can be regarded as dangerous rebels only because they do not want to follow the daily routine. Thirdly, these rules cannot always be justified from a rational standpoint. These arguments can be exemplified with the help of academic sources and the situations illustrated by the author. In particular, it is necessary to pay attention to Lisa who proudly tells to others that she is a â€Å"sociopath† (Kaysen 59). To some extent, this diagnosis can be explained by the fact that Lisa is always willing to disrupt the usual routine which is established in the ward (Kaysen 59). However, she is not able to understand why these rules should be imposed on the patients. So, her disregard of authority irritates many psychiatrists. Therefore, Lisa is not afraid of being called a sociopath. Yet, her non-conformity is confused with some mental impairment. This issue is also discussed by scholars who believe that mental hospitals often bear close resemblance to prisons (Andersen 7). Therefore, one can say that Susanna Kaysen highlights important drawbacks in the work of these organizations. These questions are explored by Ken Kesey. First of all, he describes patients who are unwilling to follow the established procedures without any question. Secondly, the writer notes that psychiatrists do not want to deviate from the established routine. Thirdly, the novel shows that the disregard for rule can be punished. These are the main arguments that should be elaborated. At first, one can say that McMurphy is also unable to tolerate the rules established by Nurse Ratched and her colleagues. In particular, the protagonist does not understand why the inmates are not allowed to watch the World Series (Kesey 50). From his standpoint, this restriction does not have any rationale, more likely, this restriction is a mere whim of Nurse Ratched. She does not give any answer to the questions that McMurphy poses, but instead, he is only described as a â€Å"manipulator† by this woman (Kesey 24). In her opinion, this person is mostly concerned about his own interests. This is why McMurphy is willing to dismiss the rules that are not suitable for him (Kesey 50). Finally, Nurse Ratched makes everything possible to destroy the lives of people who are not afraid of disobeying her. In particular, she makes sure that Billy is not able to regain the confidence his mental health. Her actions eventually lead to his suicide. In turn, McMurphy is forced to undergo a lobotomy. This comparison shows that individuals are usually reluctant to take the authority of other people for granted. By examining these examples, the writer shows that many mental institutions are very repressive. In such an environment, very few people are willing to show their discontent with the regulations that are imposed on them due to some unknown reasons. The main problem is that people, who possess the authority, turn such rebels into outcasts or the patients of mental hospitals. This is one of the points that should be made since it is important for depicting the experiences of characters who do not understand why they are forced to be insane. These are the main issues that can be distinguished. Certainly, one should not suppose that disregard for rules is always acceptable. However, the characters discussed in the paper are not willing to accept the norms if they cannot understand their validity. This is one of the distinctions that should be taken into account. Overall, the example discussed in this paper show that a person’s non-conformity can be regarded  as the proof of his/her mental illness. The main problem is that this result can be explained by the prejudices of people. In both cases, the characters described by Susanna Kaysen and Ken Kesey are declared to be insane because they are not afraid to display honesty or self-doubt. Moreover, they are not able to accept the authority of others without any question. These are the main character traits that can distinguish them among others. The main issue is that their non-conformity gives rise to the doubts about their mental health. These literary works are important for showing that the conventional standards of normality can be questioned. More importantly, they demonstrate that the standards of normality are often subjective to the confusion of society. Works Cited Andersen, Margaret. Sociology: The Essentials, 7th ed. : The Essentials, New York: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. Kaysen, Susanna. Girl, Interrupted, New York: Vintage, 1994. Print. Kesey, Ken. One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, New York: Signet, 1963. Print. Watson, Joy. From Stress to Sanity: A Simple Guide to Calm and Empower Your Thinking, New York: Xlibris Corporation, 2002. Print.